[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.libive.cz\/umele-druzice\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.libive.cz\/umele-druzice\/","headline":"Um\u011bl\u00e9 dru\u017eice","name":"Um\u011bl\u00e9 dru\u017eice","description":"Historie Letos je tomu p\u0159esn\u011b 60 let, kdy sov\u011btsk\u00e1 dru\u017eice Sputnik 1 opustila Zemi a vystoupala na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu Zem\u011b. V\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edmi dru\u017eicemi \u0161lo sp\u00ed\u0161e o vyst\u0159elenou d\u011blovou kouli, kter\u00e1 nesla r\u00e1diov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstroj. Tento \u010din dob\u0159e poslou\u017eil tehdej\u0161\u00ed propagand\u011b. Hned n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f pot\u00e9 vypustily Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty prvn\u00ed v\u011bdecky vyu\u017eitelnou dru\u017eici Explorer 1. Ta ve sv\u00e9m...","datePublished":"2025-02-28","dateModified":"2023-04-29","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.libive.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"libive.cz\n","url":"https:\/\/www.libive.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0c4621640b5c0734669aeb181ef77969b528487727344f28e734a206566ea0f1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0c4621640b5c0734669aeb181ef77969b528487727344f28e734a206566ea0f1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"libive.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.libive.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a292710_w2125_t1505147668.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.libive.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a292710_w2125_t1505147668.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.libive.cz\/umele-druzice\/","about":["Technika"],"wordCount":400,"articleBody":"\tHistorieLetos je tomu p\u0159esn\u011b 60 let, kdy sov\u011btsk\u00e1 dru\u017eice Sputnik 1 opustila Zemi a vystoupala na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu Zem\u011b. V\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edmi dru\u017eicemi \u0161lo sp\u00ed\u0161e o vyst\u0159elenou d\u011blovou kouli, kter\u00e1 nesla r\u00e1diov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstroj. Tento \u010din dob\u0159e poslou\u017eil tehdej\u0161\u00ed propagand\u011b.Hned n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f pot\u00e9 vypustily Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty prvn\u00ed v\u011bdecky vyu\u017eitelnou dru\u017eici Explorer 1. Ta ve sv\u00e9m t\u011ble nesla detektory radiace a objevila tzv. Van Allenovy radia\u010dn\u00ed p\u00e1sy kolem na\u0161\u00ed planety.\tLaika, hrdina i ob\u011b\u0165V\u00a0t\u00e9\u017ee dob\u011b vypustili Sov\u011bti dal\u0161\u00ed dru\u017eici, kter\u00e1 nesla ozna\u010den\u00ed Sputnik 2 a tentokr\u00e1t na jej\u00ed palub\u011b byl \u017eiv\u00fd tvor. Fenka Lajka se tak stala prvn\u00edm \u017eivo\u010dichem ve vesm\u00edru. Jej\u00ed pobyt v\u00a0prostoru bez t\u00ed\u017ee nebyl dlouh\u00fd a ur\u010dit\u011b nebyl ani p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd, ale Lajka se tak zapsala do d\u011bjin dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed vesm\u00edru.\tVyu\u017eit\u00ed dru\u017eicP\u0159i vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch z\u00e1vodech mezi SSSR a USA se zjistilo, \u017ee dru\u017eice jsou vhodnou technologi\u00ed pro pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry, a tak v\u00a0roce 1960 byla vypu\u0161t\u011bna dru\u017eice TIROS1. Dal\u0161\u00edm vyu\u017eit\u00edm dru\u017eic byla b\u011bhem Studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed \u010dinnost, i kdy\u017e sn\u00edmky pos\u00edlan\u00e9 na Zem byly dost nekvalitn\u00ed a mnohdy se vyu\u017e\u00edvalo pad\u00e1ku z\u00a0nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vrstev atmost\u00e9ry. Ten nesl fotografie a zvukov\u00e9 stopy na kazet\u00e1ch.V\u00a0roce 1972 za\u010dala dru\u017eice ERTS-1 mapovat zemsk\u00fd povrch a p\u0159inesla prvn\u00ed sn\u00edmky povrchu, takov\u00e9 jak\u00e9 je zn\u00e1me z\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edch leteck\u00fdm map na internetu. Tato mise p\u0159inesla revoluci v\u00a0ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.Dnes slou\u017e\u00ed dru\u017eice ke komunikaci naviga\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, k\u00a0p\u0159enosu telefonn\u00edch hovor\u016f a k\u00a0detailn\u00edmu sledov\u00e1n\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch jev\u016f. Na jejich \u010dinnosti jsme zcela z\u00e1visl\u00ed a p\u0159i jejich p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9m v\u00fdpadku by zcela jist\u011b nastal chaos.\tOdpadStinnou str\u00e1nkou um\u011bl\u00fdch t\u011bles na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze je jejich omezen\u00e1 \u017eivotnost. V\u011bt\u0161ina materi\u00e1lu z\u00a0dru\u017eic sice sho\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 likvidaci v\u00a0atmosf\u00e9\u0159e, ale i p\u0159esto mnoho tak zvan\u00e9ho vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho odpadu z\u016fstane krou\u017eit kolem Zem\u011b.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.4\/5 - (9 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Um\u011bl\u00e9 dru\u017eice","item":"https:\/\/www.libive.cz\/umele-druzice\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]